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Abstract
Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell, a species of American origin, is reported for the first time from the South Caucasus. In 2023, a relatively large population of L. dubia was found in the Chorokhi River floodplain in the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia, the South Caucasus. The species is considered to be intensively spreading around temperate and subtropical regions worldwide, commonly occupying disturbed wetland habitats. The new record further expands the introduced range of the species in the Caucasus, where it was first reported from rice-growing regions of the Krasnodar Territory in 2017.
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References
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- Casper, S. J., Krausch, H.-D., 1981: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta. Teil 2: Saururaceae bis Asteraceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., (eds.), Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 24, 408–942. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
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- Kaplan, Z., Danihelka, J., Štěpánková, J., Ekrt, L., Chrtek, J., Zázvorka, J., Grulich, V., Řepka, R., Prančl, J., Ducháček, M., Kúr, P., 2016: Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 2. Preslia 88, 229–322.
- Kikodze, D., Memiadze, N., Kharazishvili, D., Manvelidze, Z., Mueller-Schaerer, H., 2010: The alien flora of Georgia. SNSF SCOPES, FOEN, Tbilisi.
- Krishnasamy, J., Arumugam, R., 2015: American species of Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell – occurrence in India. Biological Forum – An International Journal 7(1), 48–51.
- Lewis, D. Q., 2000: A revision of the New World species of Lindernia (Scrophulariaceae). Castanea 65(2), 93–122.
- Molnár, V. A., Pfeiffer, N., Ristow, M., 2000: Data to the knowledge of Nanocyperion-species in Hungary IV. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennel in Hungary. Kitaibelia 5(2), 279–287.
- Mulkidshanjan, J., 1944: Notula de distributione plantarum nonnularum adventicum in Georgia (Note on the distribution of some adventive plants in Georgia). Notulae Systematicae ac Geographicae Instituti Botanici Thbilisiensis 12, 47–52.
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- Pennell, F.W., 1935: The Scrophulariaceae of eastern temperate North America. Monographs, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia 1, 1– 650.
- POWO, Plants of the World Online, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from https://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org
- Schmotzer, A., 2015: Occurrence of Lindernia dubia in the Ipoly valley (Hungary and Slovakia). Studia Botanica Hungarica 46(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.17110/StudBot.2015.46.1.77
- Simons, E. L. A. N., Jansen, M. G. M., 2018: Ecology of naturalized invasive species Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell in the Netherlands. Gorteria – Dutch Botanical Archive 40(1), 1–10.
- Škondrić, S., Perić, R., Knežević, J., 2023: Genus Lindernia All. (Linderniaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ecologia Montenegrina 65, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.65.3
- Šumberová, K, Lososová, Z, Ducháček, M, Horáková, V., Fabšičová, M., 2012: Distribution, habitat ecology, soil seed bank and seed dispersal of threatened Lindernia procumbens and alien Lindernia dubia (Antirrhinaceae) in the Czech Republic. Phyton (Horn) 52, 39–72.
- Tedoradze, G., Akobia, I., Janiashvili, Z., Jugeli, T., Lachashvili, N., Megvinetukhutsesi, N., Metreveli, V., Mikeladze, G., Kikvidze, Z., 2023: The annotated checklist of plant species that occur in the wetland habitats of Georgia (the Caucasus). Caucasiana 2, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101677
- Thiers, B., 2024+: Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
- Tzonev, R., Šumberová, K., 2004: New data on the chorology of some little known adventive species on the banks of the Danube River in Bulgaria. Phytologia Balcanica 10(2–3), 207–209.
- Verloove, F., 2006: Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800–2005). National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise (Scripta Botanica Belgica, vol. 39).
- Vishnyakov, V. S., 2024: Cyperus microiria (Cyperaceae), a new alien species for the Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 109(5), 516–519. (in press)
- Vishnyakov, V. S., Efremov, A. N., 2024: Some new data on aquatic plants of West Georgia (South Caucasus). Inland Water Biology 17(3), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082924700068
- Yabrova-Kolakovskaya, V. S., 1977: Adventivnaya flora Abkhazii (The Adventive flora of Abkhazia). Metsniereba, Tbilisi.
- Yoshino, N., Wang, G. X., Ito, M., Auld, B., Kohara, H., Enomoto, T., 2006: Naturalization and dissemination of two subspecies of Lindernia dubia (Scrophulariaceae) in Japan. Weed Biology and Management 6(3), 174–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00213.x
- Zelenskaya, O. V., 2020: Weeds Linderna All. on the rice fields of Krasnodar Region. Rice Growing 1(46), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2020-46-1-71-75
References
Aybeke, M., 2016: The morphological characters of a new weed (Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell, Scrophularıaceae) observed in the rice fields of Thrace region. Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences 7(1), 33–36.
Bazarragchaa, B., Yang, S., Kim, H. S., Lee, S. J., Lee, J., 2019: An updated taxonomy of the family Linderniaceae in Korea. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 46(4), 1007–1018. https://doi.org/10.7744/kjoas.20190084
Carretero, J. L., 1989: La vegetación emergente de los arrozales Europeos. Anales de Biología 15, 135–141.
Casper, S. J., Krausch, H.-D., 1981: Pteridophyta und Anthophyta. Teil 2: Saururaceae bis Asteraceae. In: Ettl, H., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H., (eds.), Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa 24, 408–942. VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena.
Corli, A., Orsenigo, S., Porro, F., Rossi, G., Lodetti, S., Mondoni, A., 2024: Germination niche of co-occurring threatened native and alien species: a case study in Lindernia procumbens and L. dubia. Plant Ecology 225, 725–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-024-01430-9
Davlianidze, M., Gviniashvili, T., Mukbaniani, M., Jinjolia-Imnadze, L., Jugheli, T., 2018: Nomenclatural checklist of flora of Georgia. Universal, Tbilisi.
Galasso, G., Domina, G., Ardenghi, N. M. G, Aristarchi, C., Bacchetta, G., Bartolucci, F., Bonari, G., Bouvet, D., Brundu, G., Buono, S., Caldarella, O., Calvia, G., Cano-Ortiz, A., Corti, E., D’Amico, F. S., D’Antraccoli, M., Di Turi, A., Dutto, M., Fanfarillo, E., Ferretti, G., Fiaschi, T., Ganz, C., Guarino, R., Iberite, M., Laface, V. L. A, La Rosa, A., Lastrucci, L., Latini, M., Lazzaro, L., Lonati, M., Lozano, V., Luchino, F., Magrini, S., Mainetti, A., Manca, M., Mugnai, M., Musarella, C. M., Nicolella, G., Olivieri, N., Orrù, I., Pazienza, G., Peruzzi, L., Podda, L., Prosser, F., Ravetto Enri S., Restivo, S., Roma-Marzio, F., Ruggero, A., Scoppola, A., Selvi, F., Spampinato, G., Stinca, A., Terzi, M., Tiburtini, M., Tornatore, E., Vetromile, R., Nepi, C. 2019: Notulae to the Italian alien vascular flora: 7. Italian Botanist 7, 157–182. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.7.36386
Grossheim, A. A., 1967: Flora Kavkaza (Flora of the Caucasus) 7. Akad. Nauk, Leningrad.
Hrivnák, R., Kochjarová, J., Šumberová, K. Schmotzer, A., 2016: Alien wetland annual Lindernia dubia (Scrophulariaceae): the first recently mentioned localities in Slovakia and their central European context. Biologia 71(3), 281–286. https://doi.org/10.1515/biolog-2016-0039
Kaplan, Z., Danihelka, J., Štěpánková, J., Ekrt, L., Chrtek, J., Zázvorka, J., Grulich, V., Řepka, R., Prančl, J., Ducháček, M., Kúr, P., 2016: Distributions of vascular plants in the Czech Republic. Part 2. Preslia 88, 229–322.
Kikodze, D., Memiadze, N., Kharazishvili, D., Manvelidze, Z., Mueller-Schaerer, H., 2010: The alien flora of Georgia. SNSF SCOPES, FOEN, Tbilisi.
Krishnasamy, J., Arumugam, R., 2015: American species of Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell – occurrence in India. Biological Forum – An International Journal 7(1), 48–51.
Lewis, D. Q., 2000: A revision of the New World species of Lindernia (Scrophulariaceae). Castanea 65(2), 93–122.
Molnár, V. A., Pfeiffer, N., Ristow, M., 2000: Data to the knowledge of Nanocyperion-species in Hungary IV. Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennel in Hungary. Kitaibelia 5(2), 279–287.
Mulkidshanjan, J., 1944: Notula de distributione plantarum nonnularum adventicum in Georgia (Note on the distribution of some adventive plants in Georgia). Notulae Systematicae ac Geographicae Instituti Botanici Thbilisiensis 12, 47–52.
Neacșu, A., Imbrea, I., Alina, L. A. Ț. O., Arsene, G. G., 2021: Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell: a new invasive in the Romanian Banat, Scientific Papers Series A. Agronomy 64(2), 718–723. https://doi.org/10.17930/AGL2021216
Pennell, F.W., 1935: The Scrophulariaceae of eastern temperate North America. Monographs, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia 1, 1– 650.
POWO, Plants of the World Online, Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from https://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org
Schmotzer, A., 2015: Occurrence of Lindernia dubia in the Ipoly valley (Hungary and Slovakia). Studia Botanica Hungarica 46(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.17110/StudBot.2015.46.1.77
Simons, E. L. A. N., Jansen, M. G. M., 2018: Ecology of naturalized invasive species Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell in the Netherlands. Gorteria – Dutch Botanical Archive 40(1), 1–10.
Škondrić, S., Perić, R., Knežević, J., 2023: Genus Lindernia All. (Linderniaceae) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Ecologia Montenegrina 65, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.65.3
Šumberová, K, Lososová, Z, Ducháček, M, Horáková, V., Fabšičová, M., 2012: Distribution, habitat ecology, soil seed bank and seed dispersal of threatened Lindernia procumbens and alien Lindernia dubia (Antirrhinaceae) in the Czech Republic. Phyton (Horn) 52, 39–72.
Tedoradze, G., Akobia, I., Janiashvili, Z., Jugeli, T., Lachashvili, N., Megvinetukhutsesi, N., Metreveli, V., Mikeladze, G., Kikvidze, Z., 2023: The annotated checklist of plant species that occur in the wetland habitats of Georgia (the Caucasus). Caucasiana 2, 97–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/caucasiana.2.e101677
Thiers, B., 2024+: Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Retrieved October 9, 2024 from http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/
Tzonev, R., Šumberová, K., 2004: New data on the chorology of some little known adventive species on the banks of the Danube River in Bulgaria. Phytologia Balcanica 10(2–3), 207–209.
Verloove, F., 2006: Catalogue of neophytes in Belgium (1800–2005). National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise (Scripta Botanica Belgica, vol. 39).
Vishnyakov, V. S., 2024: Cyperus microiria (Cyperaceae), a new alien species for the Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 109(5), 516–519. (in press)
Vishnyakov, V. S., Efremov, A. N., 2024: Some new data on aquatic plants of West Georgia (South Caucasus). Inland Water Biology 17(3), 425–434. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082924700068
Yabrova-Kolakovskaya, V. S., 1977: Adventivnaya flora Abkhazii (The Adventive flora of Abkhazia). Metsniereba, Tbilisi.
Yoshino, N., Wang, G. X., Ito, M., Auld, B., Kohara, H., Enomoto, T., 2006: Naturalization and dissemination of two subspecies of Lindernia dubia (Scrophulariaceae) in Japan. Weed Biology and Management 6(3), 174–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-6664.2006.00213.x
Zelenskaya, O. V., 2020: Weeds Linderna All. on the rice fields of Krasnodar Region. Rice Growing 1(46), 78–84. https://doi.org/10.33775/1684-2464-2020-46-1-71-75