Article Sidebar

Download
PDF XML
Statistic
Read Counter : 881 Download : 200

Introduction

Diatoms from the Yunnan plateau have been only cursorily studied in the past (Skuja 1937, Zhu and Chen 1994, Li et al. 2007a,b). Cymbella C.A. Agardh (1830: 1) is one of the largest diatom genera, representing nearly two thousand described taxa (Kociolek et al. 2020a). However, in the past 30 years, the family Cymbellaceae has been split by some researchers more finely (Kociolek and Stoermer 1987, Krammer 1997a,b, Lange-Bertalot and Genkal 1999, Krammer 2002, 2003, Jüttner et al. 2010a, Bahls 2015, Kulikovskiy et al. 2014, 2015, Kulikovskiy and Kuznetsova 2016, Kapustin et al. 2017, 2020, Kociolek et al. 2017, Glushchenko et al. 2019, Kezlya et al. 2020). As a result of this recent work about 20 different genera are recognized (Tab. 1).

Genera References
Encyonema Kützing (1833: 589) Kützing 1833
*Reimeria Kociolek et Stoermer (1987: 457) Kociolek and Stoermer 1987
Pseudencyonema Krammer (1997: 156) Krammer 1997a
Encyonopsis Krammer (1997: 156) Krammer 1997b
Cymbellopsis Krammer (1997: 157) Krammer 1997b
Cymbopleura Krammer (1999: 292) Krammer 2003
Navicymbula Krammer (2003: 123) Krammer 2003
Delicata Krammer (2003: 110; recently renamed as Delicatophycus M.J. Wynne 2019: 1) Krammer 2003
Gomphocymbellopsis Krammer (2003: 127) Krammer 2003
*Afrocymbella Krammer (2003: 129) Krammer 2003
Krsticiella Levkov in Levkov et al. (2007: 14–15) Levkov et al. 2007
Oricymba Jüttner et al. (2010: 408) Jüttner et al. 2010a
Ochigma Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin (2012: 214) Kulikovskiy et al. 2012
Khursevichia Kulikovskiy, Lange-Bertalot et Metzeltin (2012: 157) Kulikovskiy et al. 2012
Kurtkrammeria Bahls (2015: 6) Bahls 2015
Celebesia Kapustin, Kulikovskiy et Kociolek (2017: 153) Kapustin et al. 2017
Karthickia Kociolek, Glushchenko et Kulikovskiy (2019:606) Glushchenko et al. 2019
Tab. 1.A chronological listing of genera based on species formerly in the genus Cymbella or closely related genera (Zhang et al. 2021). * indicates the genus may be more closely related to freshwater gomphonemoid diatoms.

Since the revision of Cymbella, a number of other new species have been described from China (summarized in Kociolek et al. 2020b, see also Li et al. 2019, Liu et al. 2020, Zhang et al. 2020). In southwestern China, specifically, Li et al. (2003a,b) described new species of Cymbella respectively from northwest Tibet and Qinghai Province. Gong and Li (2011) described a new species of Cymbella from the Yunnan Plateau. Hu et al. (2013) described three new species of Cymbella from the high altitude lakes of the Hengduan Mountains region. In the present paper, we describe one new Cymbella species from the Hengduan Mountains area based on light and scanning electron microscopical investigations and compare its morphology with similar species.

Material and methods

Samples were taken using a Kajak-type gravity core (Renberg and Hansson 2008) from the surface sediments of Lake Shadecuo (29°44′35.8″ N, 101°21′39.8″ E, Tab. 2), located in the eastern Hengduan Mountains region of Southwest China. The pH and specific conductivity of the lake water were measured in the field using a YSI 650 multi-parameter display system (650 MDS, YSI Incorporated 1700/1725 Brannum Lane, Yellow Springs, OH 45387 USA) with a 600 XL probe. Water samples were taken from 50 cm under the water surface. Transparency was estimated using a Secchi disk. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were measured by a Shimadzu UV 2450 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer at Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, using the alkaline potassium persulfate digestion-UV spectrophotometric method (Nydahl 1978) and the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometry method (Ebina et al. 1983), respectively.

Lake Shadecuo
Latitude (°N) 29°44′35.8″
Longitude (°E) 101°21′39.8″
Altitude (m a.s.l.) 4428
Maximum depth (m) 8
pH 7.66
Secchi disk depth (m) 4.8
Total nitrogen (mg·L–1) 0.288
Total phosphorus (mg·L–1) 0.004
Conductivity (μs·m–1) 33
Tab. 2.Physical and chemical parameters in Lake Shadecuo.

Diatom samples were kept under 4 °C in the refrigerator before laboratory treatments. In the laboratory, the diatoms were treated with HCl and H2O2 (Battarbee 1986). Permanent slides were made from cleaned materials and mounted in Naphrax® for observation with light microscopy (Olympus, BX-51, DIC). Relative abundances of diatoms in the samples were determined with a count of 300 valves.

Cleaned materials were investigated with a Leo 1530 scanning electron microscope (SEM). Samples and slides are preserved in the Herbarium of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Results

Taxonomy

  1. Class Bacillariophyceae Haeckel 1878
  2. Subclass Bacillariophycidae D.G. Mann in Round et al. 1990
  3. Order Cymbellales D.G. Mann in Round et al. 1990
  4. Family Cymbellaceae Greville 1833
  5. Genus Cymbella C.A.Agardh 1830
  6. Cymbella luoyulanae Y.Li sp. nov. Fig. 1 A-E; Fig. 1C is the holotype

LM (Fig. 1): Valves moderately dorsiventral. Dorsal margin strongly convex. Ventral margin concave, slightly tumid in middle. Valve ends slightly truncated and broadly rounded. Length 59-82 μm, width 16.0-18.5 μm, maximum length/width ratio ca. 4.5. Axial area moderately broad. Central area elliptical, about 1/4-1/3 of width of valve. Raphe distinctly lateral, abruptly reverse-lateral near proximal ends. Striae slightly radiate, becoming more radiate towards valve ends. 3-5 stigmata, some larger than others, occur ventrally from central nodule, distant from middle ventral striae. Striae 7-8/10 μm at centre becoming 10-12/10 μm towards apices, with 20-22 areolae in 10 μm.

In SEM external valve view (Fig. 2): Striae uniseriate, partly biseriate with elliptical and transapically oriented areolae. Areolae slit-like with apically-orientated openings in transapical striae (Fig. 2 A-F). Stigmata rounded, separated from the areolae at central area on ventral side. Small round depressions may occur on the dorsal side of the central area (Fig. 2 C, D). Raphe centrally located on the valve face in a narrow hyaline axial area with straight to slightly dorsally arched proximal ends (Fig. 2 A, B). External distal raphe ends deflected dorsally (Fig. 2 E, F); external proximal raphe ends dilated (Fig. 2 C, D). The apical pore fields present and comprised by a group of porelli, almost entirely on the valve mantle (Fig. 2 E, F).

Fig. 2.External valve view of Cymbella luoyulanae sp. nov. by scanning electron microscope. A, B – external view of an entire valve. C, D – external view of valve center, the proximal raphe endings and the very large central area with 4-5 stigmata. E, F – valve apices, striae with slit-like areolae, some of them biseriate, and pore field separated by the distal raphe fissures.

In SEM internal valve view (Fig. 3): Striae with internal areolae openings lack any occlusions (Fig. 3 A, B). The central area distinct, projecting internally, and lacking an intermissio. Stigma opening round, with a slight expanded depression evident on the central nodule. Stigmata lack any ingrowths or occlusion (Fig. 3 C, D). Distal raphe endings bent slightly towards the dorsal margin, terminating in helictoglossae. (Fig. 3 E, F).

Fig. 3.Internal valve view of Cymbella luoyulanae sp. nov. by scanning electron microscope.. A, B – internal view of entire valve. C, D – showing the valve centre and four big and one small stigmata as elongated furrows connected to the striae. E, F – internal view of valve apex with prominent helictoglossa deflecting to the dorsal side.

Type: – CHINA. Sichuan Province: Kangding City, Lake Shadecuo, 29°44′35.8″ N, 101°21′39.8″ E, elevation 4428 m a.s.l., samples collected by Dr. Yulan, Luo, 14th October 2017. Holotype Shadecuo 1-1 in Coll. Li Yanling, Yunnan University., Kunming, China. Fig. 1 is of the holotype.

Etymology: –The specific epithet ‘luoyulanae’ refers to the collector of the sample on which these observations are based.

Ecology

Cymbella luoyulanae has been observed in the surface sediment sample from Lake Shadecuo. In Lake Shadecuo, this species was associated with Cyclotella ocellata Pantocsek (1902: 134) (20%), Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki (Czarnecki 1994: 157) (15%), C. comensis Grunow in Van Heurck (1882, pl. 93, Fig. 3 E, F) (14%), Pseudostaurosira pseudoconstruens (Marciniak) Williames et Round (1987: 275) (15%), and Staurosirella pinnata (Ehrenberg) D.M.Williames et Round (1987: 274) (5%).

Discussion

The features found in Cymbella luoyulanae are compared to all other known species of the genus in Tab. 3. The taxon most similar to C. luoyulanae is C. heihainensis. The valves of this species are wider, have a larger central area, drop-like proximal raphe ends, and a higher number of areolae in 10 µm, distinguishing it from C. luoyulanae. Cymbella modicepunctata has larger valves with a more distinct central area, and fewer striae in 10 µm, distinguishing it from C. luoyulanae. Cymbella luoyulanae has stigmata that may vary in size along the ventral margin, while C. modicepunctata has uniformly-sized stigmata on the ventral side. The same stigmata feature of C. luoyulanae is also found in C. schimanskii Krammer and its variety var. excelsa (Meister) Krammer. In SEM view, C. schimanskii has Y-shaped areolae openings in the middle of the valve, which is different from the biseriate of C. luoyulanae, and they differ from C. luoyulanae by having larger valves, a smaller central area, and in the shape of the central pores (rounded vs expanded as in C. luoyulanae). Cymbella luoyulanae can be distinguished from C. asiatica by valve size and striae density. Cymbella asiatica varies between 50 and 105 µm in length and 14-18 µm in breadth, has no stigmata-like depressions on the dorsal side, and only 6-7 striae in 10 µm. Cymbella luoyulanae is also similar to C. arctissima Metzeltin, which can be distinguished from our new species which has dorsally deflected proximal raphe endings, is shorter (98-105 µm vs. 59-94 µm), and has a broader central area (2/3 width vs. 1/2 width).

Species /Feature C. luoyulanae C. heihainensisLi et Gong C. modicepunctataKrammer C. asiatica Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot et Li, Y. C. schimanskiiKrammer C. arctissimaMetzeltin
Reference this study Hu et al. (2013) Krammer(2002) Metzeltin et al. (2009) Krammer(2002) Krammer(2002)
Valve length, µm 59-94 82-100 102-140 50-105 100-200 98-105
Valve width, µm 16.0-19.5 19.0-22.5 21-22 14-18 29-36 17-18
Length/ width ratio 4.8 max 4.7 max 6.4 max 5.8 max 5 max 5.8
Striae in 10 µm 7-10 7-10 5.5-6 6-7 7-12 7-10
Areolae in10 mm 20-22 14-16 14-16 18-22 10-16 18-21
Areolae Slit-like, biseriate Slit-like,Y-, X- shaped Lineolate not known Slit-like,Y-shaped Slit-like
Stigmata ventral side:3-5 big andsome smaller,dorsal side: 0-3 ventral side:7-10 big andsome smaller,dorsal side: 0–5 ventral side:7-10 ventral side:4-6 ventral side:6-10 big andsome smaller,dorsal side:sometimes some ventral side:6-8
Central area 1/2 width 1/2 width 2/3-3/4 width 1/2 width 1/3 width 2/3 width
Central pores of raphe expandeddrop-like,slightly ventrallydeflected expandeddrop-like,slightly ventrallydeflected distinct, veryslightlyreverse-lateral distinct, abruptlyreverse-lateral small, slightlyreverse-lateral small, dorsallydeflected
Tab. 3.Morphological characteristics of Cymbella luoyulanae sp. nov. and Cymbella species sharing similar morphological features.

Another member of the genus Cymbella, C. distalebiseriata Bing Liu et D.M. Williams in Liu et al. (2018: 41), was described from Hunan Province, China. Cymbella distalbiseriata shares the feature of having striae with uniseriate and partially biseriate striae. The only other species of Cymbella exhibiting (a few) biseriate striae include C. yakii Jüttner et Van de Vijver in Jüttner et al. (2010b), C. duplopunctata Krammer 2002 and C. buechleri Krammer 2002 (both described from a fossil deposit in western North America). Three of the five species exhibiting biseriate striae are found in Asia, and two have been described from China. The other two taxa with biseriate striae are known from a fossil deposit in western North America (apparently of Miocene age, see Krammer 2002, p. 109). These are distinct from one another in size, shape and other morphological features (Krammer 2002, Jüttner et al. 2010b, Liu et al. 2018). It is unclear if the possession of biseriate striae is a homologous feature for this group or not; formal phylogenetic analysis is required to understand character evolution in this regard. However, if the taxa with biseriate striae are indeed closely related among themselves and their distribution remains between Asia and western North America, it supports the notion, noted by Ehrenberg over 180 years ago (Ehrenberg 1849) and supported by additional diatom examples (Kociolek and Stoermer 1989, Kociolek et al. 2013, 2015, Genkal and Kulikovskiy 2016, Kociolek 2019) as well as some genera of higher plants (Xiang and Soltis 2001, Nie et al. 2006, Kadereit and Baldwin 2012), of there being a close relationship between the floras of these two areas.

References

  2. Bahls LL. Kurtkrammeria, a new genus of freshwater diatoms (Bacillariophyta, Cymbellaceae) separated from Encyonopsis.. Nova Hedwigia. 2015; 101:165-90. DOI
  5. Ebina J, Tsutsui T, Shirai T. Simultaneous determination of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water using peroxodisulfate oxidation.. Water Res. 1983; 17:1721-6. DOI
  7. Genkal SI, Kulikovskiy MS. Morphology and distribution of the North American diatom Aulacoseira pardata English & Potapova in Russia.. Inland Water Biol. 2016; 9:355-8. DOI
  8. Glushchenko A, Kulikovskiy MS, Kuznetsova IV, Kociolek JP. Karthickia verestigmata gen. et. sp. nov. - an interesting diatom with frustular morphology similar to several different cymbelloid diatom genera.. Phycologia. 2019; 58:605-13. DOI
  9. Gong ZJ, Li YL. Cymbella fuxianensis Li and Gong sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from Yunnan Plateau, China.. Nova Hedwigia. 2011; 92:551-6. DOI
  10. Hu ZJ, Li YL, Metzeltin D. Three new species of Cymbella (Bacillariophyta) from high altitude lakes, China.. Acta Bot Croat. 2013; 72:359-74. DOI
  11. Jüttner I, Krammer K, van de Vjver B, Tuji A, Simkhada B, Gurung S. Oricymba (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyceae), a new cymbelloid genus and three new species from the Nepalese Himalaya.. Phycologia. 2010; 49:407-23. DOI
  12. Jüttner I, Gurung S, Sharma C, Sharma S, De Hann M, Van de Vijver B. Morphology of new taxa in the Cymbella aspera and Cymbella neocistula groups, Cymbella yakii sp. nov., and Cymbella cf. hantzschiana form Everest National Park, Nepal.. Pol Bot J. 2010; 55:73-92.
  13. Kadereit JW, Baldwin BG. Western Eurasian-western North American disjunct plant taxa: The dry-adapted ends of formerly widespread north temperate mesic lineages-and examples of long-distance dispersal.. Taxon. 2012; 61:3-17. DOI
  14. Kapustin DA, Kulikovskiy MS, Kociolek JP. Celebesia gen. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom genus from the ancient Lake Matano (Sulawesi Island, Indonesia).. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 2017; 146:147-55. DOI
  15. Kapustin DA, Kociolek JP, Glushchenko AM, Kulikovskiy MS. A rediscovery of Cymbella mirabilis Hustedt, a rare endemic diatom, and description of Alveocymba gen. nov.. Diatom Res. 2020; 35:281-7. DOI
  16. Kezlya E, Glushchenko A, Maltsev Ye, Gusev E, Genkal S, Kuznetsov A. Placoneis cattiensis sp. nov. – a new, diatom (Bacillariophyceae: Cymbellales) soil species from Cat Tien National Park (Vietnam).. Phytotaxa. 2020; 460:237-48. DOI
  17. Kociolek JP, Stoermer EF. Ultrastructure of Cymbella sinuata (Bacillariophyceae) and its allies, and their transfer to Reimeria, gen. nov.. Syst Bot. 1987; 12:451-9. DOI
  18. Kociolek JP, Stoermer EF. Phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of the diatom genus Gomphoneis.. Phycologia. 1989; 28:438-54. DOI
  19. Kociolek JP, Kulikovskiy MS, Solak CN. The diatom genus Gomphoneis Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Baikal, Russia.. Phytotaxa. 2013; 154:1-37. DOI
  20. Kociolek JP, You Q, Wang X, Liu Q. Consideration of some interesting freshwater gomphonemoid diatoms from North America and China, and the description of Gomphosinica, gen. nov.. Nova Hedwigia Beih. 2015; 144:175-98.
  21. Kociolek JP, Kulikovskiy MS, Genkal S, Kuznetsova I. Morphological investigation and transfer of Naviculadicta parasemen Lange-Bertalot to the genus Rexlowea Kociolek & Thomas.. Diatom Res. 2017; 32:477-81. DOI
  22. Kociolek JP. A worldwide listing and biogeography of freshwater diatom genera: A phylogenetic perspective.. Diatom Res. 2019; 33:509-34. DOI
  23. Publisher Full Text
  24. Kociolek JP, You QM, Liu Q, Liu Y, Wang Q. Continental diatom biodiversity discovery and description in China: 1848 through 2019.. PhytoKeys. 2020; 160:45-97. DOI | PubMed
  25. Krammer K. Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 1. Allgemeines und Encyonema part.. Bibl Diatomol. 1997; 36:1-382.
  26. Krammer K. Die cymbelloiden Diatomeen. Eine Monographie der weltweit bekannten Taxa. Teil 2. Encyonema part., Encyonopsis und Cymbellopsis.. Bibl Diatomol. 1997; 37:1-469.
  29. Kulikovskiy MS, Lange-Bertalot H, Metzeltin D, Witkowski A. Lake Baikal: Hotspot of endemic diatoms, I.. Iconographia Diatomologica. 2012; 23:1-607.
  30. Kulikovskiy MS, Gusev E, Andreeva S, Annenkova N. Phylogenetic position of the diatom genus Geissleria Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin and description of two new species from Siberian mountain lakes.. Phytotaxa. 2014; 177:249-60. DOI
  31. Kulikovskiy MS, Glushchenko A, Kociolek JP. The diatom genus Oricymba in Vietnam and Laos with description of one new species, and a consideration of its systematic placement.. Phytotaxa. 2015; 227:120-34. DOI
  32. Kulikovskiy MS, Kuznetsova IV. Morphology, taxonomical position, and distribution of the genera of diatoms Ochigma and Khursevichia from Lake Baikal.. Inland Water Biol. 2016; 9:226-33. DOI
  33. Kützing FT. Synopsis Diatomearum oder versuch einer systematischen Zusammenstellung der Diatomeen.. Linnaea. 1833; 8:529-620.
  34. Lange-Bertalot H, Genkal SI. Diatoms from Siberia I.. Iconographia Diatomologica. 1999; 6:1-271.
  35. Levkov Z, Krstic S, Metzeltin D, Nakov T. Diatoms of Lakes Prespa and Ohrid. About 500 taxa from ancient lake system.. Iconographia Diatomologica. 2007; 16:1-613.
  36. Li JY, Wei LJ, Zheng MP. A new species of Cymbella agardh (Bacillariophyta) from northwest Xizang (Tibet) and its microstructure.. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sin. 2003; 21:43-438.
  37. Li YL, Shi ZX, Xie P, Rong K. New varieties of Gomphonema and Cymbella (Bacillariophyta) from Qinghai Province.. Shui Sheng Sheng Wu Hsueh Bao. 2003; 27:147-8.
  38. Li YL, Gong ZJ, Shen J. Freshwater diatoms of eight lakes in the Yunnan Plateau, China.. J Freshwat Ecol. 2007; 22:169-71. DOI
  39. Li YL, Gong ZJ, Xie P, Shen J. Floral survey of the diatom genera Cymbella and Gomphonema (Cymbellales, Bacillariophyta) from the Jolmolungma Mountain region of China.. Cryptogam, Algol. 2007; 28:209-44.
  40. Li YL, Bao MY, Liu W, Kociolek JP, Zhang W. Cymbella hechiensis sp. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from the upper tributary of Liujiang River, Guangxi Province, China.. Phytotaxa. 2019; 425:49-56. DOI
  42. Liu B, Williams DM, Li Y, Tang ZS. Two new species of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae) from China, with comments on their valve dimensions.. Diatom Res. 2020; 35:99-111. DOI
  43. Metzeltin D, Lange-Bertalot H, Nergui S. Diatoms in Mongolia.. Iconographia Diatomologica. 2009; 20:3-686.
  44. Nie ZL, Sun H, Beardsley PM, Olmstead RG, Wen J. Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and eastern North America in Phyrma (Phyrmaceae).. Am J Bot. 2006; 93:1343-56. DOI | PubMed
  45. Nydahl F. On the peroxodisulphate oxidation of total nitrogen in waters to nitrate.. Water Res. 1978; 12:1123-30. DOI
  47. Renberg I, Hansson H. The HTH sediment corer.. J Paleolimnol. 2008; 40:655-9. DOI
  49. Williames DM, Round FE. Revision of the genus Fragilaria.. Diatom Res. 1987; 2:267-88. DOI
  50. Wynne MJ. Delicatophycus gen. nov.: a validation of “Delicata Krammer” inval. (Gomphonemataceae, Bacillariophyta).. Notulae Algarum. 2019; 97:1-3.
  52. Xiang QY, Soltis DE. Dispersal-vicariance analyses of intercontinental disjuncts: historical biogeographical implications for angiosperms in the northern hemisphere.. Int J Plant Sci. 2001; 162:S29-39. DOI
  53. Zhang W, Gu XW, Bao MY, Kociolek JP, Blanco S, Li YL. Kurtkrammeria tiancaiensis sp. nov. a new cymbelloid species (Bacillariophyceae) from Lijiang Laojunshan National Park in Yunnan Province, China.. Phytotaxa. 2020; 451:223-30. DOI
  54. Zhang Y, Liao MN, Li YL, Chang FQ, Kociolek JP. Cymbella xiaojinensis sp. nov., a new cymbelloid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from high altitude lakes, China.. Phytotaxa. 2021; 482:55-64. DOI

Main Article Content

Abstract

This paper describes a new species of the genus Cymbella C.A. Agardh from an alpine lake in the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China. A detailed morphological description of the new species, named Cymbella luoyulanae sp. nov., is presented; the description is based on light and scanning electron microscopy. The main features of C. luoyulanae are strongly dorsiventral valves with strongly reverse-lateral raphe branches near the proximal ends, a large central area occupying approximately a half of the width with the valve and slit-like areolae comprising striae that may be unseriate or partially biseriate. The new species has morphological characteristics that resemble those of C. heihainensis Y.Li et Gong, C. modicepunctata Krammer and C. asiatica Metzeltin, Lange-Bertalot et Y.Li, but it differs from these three species in details of size, valve shape, striae density, central area, and number of stigmata.

Keywords

China Cymbella diatom new species taxonomy SEM

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2021 Qi Liu, Han Wu, Yan-Ling Li, John Patrick Kociolek

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Acta Botanica Croatica is an Open Access journal with minimal restrictions regarding content reuse. Immediately after publishing, all content becomes freely available to anyone for unlimited use and distribution, under the sole condition that the author(s) and the original source are properly attributed according to the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

CC BY 4.0 represents the highest level of Open Access, which maximizes dissemination of scholarly work and protects the rights of its authors. In Acta Botanica Croatica, authors hold the copyright of their work and retain unrestricted publishing rights.

By approving final Proof the authors grant to the publisher exclusive license to publish their article in print and on-line, in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-4.0) license.

How to Cite
Liu, Q., Wu , H. ., Li, Y.-L., & Kociolek , J. P. (2021). One new species of Cymbella C.A. Agardh (Bacillariophyta) from high altitude lakes in the Hengduan Mountains of Southwest China. Acta Botanica Croatica, 80(2), 184–190. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-021
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.